Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has become an increasingly popular treatment for a variety of medical conditions in Australia, from promoting wound healing to aiding recovery after certain surgeries. But, as with any medical intervention, there are potential side effects and complications. So, what is the most common complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy? Research and clinical experience indicate that barotrauma of the ears, a type of pressure-related ear injury, is the most frequently observed complication. This occurs when the air pressure in the middle ear fails to equalise with the surrounding hyperbaric environment, leading to discomfort, pain, or sometimes temporary hearing issues.
Understanding this complication is vital for anyone considering HBOT. While generally safe, being informed allows you to take preventative measures and seek professional guidance, ensuring a comfortable and effective treatment experience.
How Does Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Work?
HBOT involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurised chamber. Under normal circumstances, oxygen is carried by red blood cells to tissues, but HBOT increases the amount of oxygen dissolved directly into the blood plasma. This enhanced oxygen delivery can:
✓ Accelerate wound healing, especially in chronic or diabetic ulcers
✓ Reduce the risk of infection in compromised tissues
✓ Promote recovery after radiation therapy or surgery
✓ Aid in treating decompression sickness and carbon monoxide poisoning
Despite these benefits, the increased pressure in the chamber is what can cause complications like ear barotrauma.
Why Ear Barotrauma Is the Most Common Complication
The ears are particularly sensitive to changes in pressure. During HBOT, the chamber’s pressure may rise to two or three times normal atmospheric pressure. If the Eustachian tubes—which regulate pressure in the middle ear—cannot equalise properly, patients may experience:
✓ Mild to moderate ear pain
✓ A feeling of fullness in the ear
✓ Temporary hearing reduction
✓ Rarely, a minor eardrum injury
Most cases are minor and can be prevented or managed by:
✓ Swallowing, yawning, or gently performing the Valsalva manoeuvre to equalise pressure
✓ Using specialised earplugs designed for hyperbaric chambers
✓ Consult with your HBOT provider if you have a history of ear problems
Other Potential Complications
While ear barotrauma is the most common, HBOT can sometimes cause other side effects, including:
✓ Sinus pain or congestion: Similar pressure issues can affect the sinuses.
✓ Oxygen toxicity: Very rare, usually when sessions exceed prescribed limits, leading to coughing, chest pain, or seizures.
✓ Temporary vision changes: Rare but possible due to oxygen’s effect on the eye lens.
✓ Fatigue or lightheadedness: Usually mild and temporary.
The majority of these complications are preventable with proper screening, supervision, and adherence to treatment protocols at clinics like Bionik Wellness.
Safety Measures for HBOT Patients
To minimise risks, your HBOT provider may:
✓ Conduct a thorough medical assessment before your first session
✓ Provide detailed guidance on equalising ear pressure
✓ Adjust treatment duration and pressure levels according to your needs
✓ Monitor oxygen levels and patient response throughout therapy
Following these measures significantly reduces the likelihood of complications. At Bionik Wellness, patient safety and comfort are top priorities, ensuring every session is as effective and stress-free as possible.
FAQs About Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Complications
Q1: How common is ear barotrauma during HBOT?
Mild ear barotrauma occurs in roughly 5–10% of patients but is usually temporary and easily managed with proper techniques.
Q2: Can pre-existing ear issues prevent me from doing HBOT?
Conditions like chronic ear infections or a recent ear surgery may require special precautions or temporary postponement of therapy. Your provider will assess this beforehand.
Q3: Are there long-term complications of HBOT?
Long-term complications are extremely rare. Most side effects, including ear barotrauma, are short-lived and resolve shortly after treatment.
Q4: How can I prevent ear barotrauma?
Swallowing, yawning, or using the Valsalva manoeuvre can help equalise ear pressure. Your therapist may also provide earplugs or adjust the chamber’s pressure increase rate.
Q5: Is HBOT suitable for everyone?
HBOT is generally safe but may not be recommended for individuals with untreated pneumothorax, certain lung conditions, or severe ear issues. Always consult your HBOT provider for personalised advice.
Experience Safe Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy at Bionik Wellness
At Bionik Wellness, we offer state-of-the-art hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a safe, controlled environment. Our experienced team ensures every patient is informed about potential complications, including the most common complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and how to manage it effectively.
Ready to experience hyperbaric oxygen therapy with professional care? Schedule your first session at Bionik Wellness now and take the first step toward improved health.
